内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is urge incontinence?

1. ADribbling because the bladder never empties
2. BLeaking because the toilet is too far away
3. CA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking
4. DLeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects

Which cranial nerve makes the pupil constrict in response to light?

1. AOptic nerve (II) alone
2. BTrochlear nerve (IV)
3. CAbducens nerve (VI)
4. DOculomotor nerve (III)

什么是发作后期（postictal phase）？

1. A强直–阵挛发作开始时的僵直阶段
2. B发作后的嗜睡和意识混乱阶段
3. C发作开始前的先兆感觉
4. D持续超过五分钟的发作

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. ADoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
2. BUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
3. CIV thrombolysis within 4.5 hours
4. DStarting aspirin to prevent further clots

一名 AKI 患者的导尿管没有任何尿液引出。哪项快速床旁检查有助于排除肾后性原因？

1. A检查导尿管有无扭曲或堵塞，并做膀胱扫描
2. B立即大量静脉推注液体
3. C送尿样培养并等待实验室结果
4. D鼓励患者喝两升水

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
4. DSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs

一名持续夜间肠内营养的患者，其胰岛素的给药时间与营养液相匹配。凌晨 02:00 导管堵塞，营养液停止。主要风险是什么，护士应怎么做？

1. A低血糖；经常检测血糖，并按计划进行血糖保护
2. B酮症酸中毒；停用所有胰岛素直到早晨
3. C高血糖；立即额外给一剂胰岛素
4. D没有风险；胰岛素只是会被储存到重新喂养时

The nurse has four urology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with a suprapubic catheter due for a routine change
2. BA patient after TURP with light pink drainage and mild discomfort
3. CA patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
4. DA patient with stress incontinence asking about pelvic floor exercises