内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

哪项征象提示腹膜透析患者发生腹膜炎？

1. A留腹后引流出的液体比平时略少
2. B引流出的液体清亮、呈稻草色
3. C长时间留腹后轻度口渴
4. D引流出的液体浑浊并伴腹痛

Which group of features is typical of Parkinson's disease?

1. AWeakness rising from the feet, with tingling and lost reflexes
2. BIntention tremor, muscle wasting and twitching under the skin
3. CDrooping eyelids and double vision that get worse later in the day
4. DResting tremor, rigidity and slow movement

Which nerve cells are damaged in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (motor neurone disease)?

1. AUpper and lower motor neurons
2. BThe nerves of the autonomic system only
3. CSensory nerves in the skin only
4. DThe optic nerves and retina

A patient with a new ileal conduit has threads of mucus in their urine. What should the nurse explain?

1. AThe kidneys have stopped working properly after surgery
2. BThis proves a serious kidney infection
3. CThis is a sign that the stoma is dying
4. DThis is normal, because the conduit is made from bowel

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. ADialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours
2. BHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
3. CDialysis removes all the platelets from the blood
4. DThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off

When a patient sticks out their tongue, it points to the right. Which nerve is affected?

1. AThe left hypoglossal nerve (XII)
2. BThe left trigeminal nerve (V)
3. CThe right facial nerve (VII)
4. DThe right hypoglossal nerve (XII)

A haemodialysis patient missed their last two sessions. They are breathless, with crackles, and the potassium is 6.9 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AA routine dialysis session at the next planned slot
2. BOral potassium supplements and rest
3. CUrgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
4. DLarge IV fluid boluses to improve the circulation

The nurse has four endocrine patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with hyperthyroidism who is confused, with a temperature of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F)
2. BA patient with hypothyroidism who has been constipated for three days
3. CA patient with Graves' disease asking about radioactive iodine
4. DA patient after thyroidectomy with mild pain on swallowing