内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults
2. BIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
3. CIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
4. DUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia

Which side effect is common when starting a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide?

1. AHair growth
2. BA dry cough
3. CNausea
4. DWeight gain

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt stops the kidneys losing glucose in urine
2. BIt adds glucose directly into the bloodstream
3. CIt blocks the absorption of glucose in muscle
4. DIt makes the liver release stored glucose

一名原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退的患者发热。关于类固醇替代治疗，通常的病日建议是什么？

1. A在发热消退前停用类固醇
2. B将剂量减半以减少副作用
3. C增加糖皮质激素剂量，常为加倍
4. D保持常规剂量，暂时避免多喝水

After a kidney biopsy, which observation is most important?

1. AThe patient's appetite at the next meal
2. BThe temperature every four hours only
3. CSigns of bleeding, such as haematuria and a rising pulse
4. DThe colour of the patient's skin on the face

After a change in the levothyroxine dose, when is the TSH usually rechecked?

1. AAfter about 6–8 weeks
2. BAfter about 2 years of treatment
3. CAfter 3 days
4. DAfter 24 hours

A haemodialysis patient missed their last two sessions. They are breathless, with crackles, and the potassium is 6.9 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AUrgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
2. BA routine dialysis session at the next planned slot
3. CLarge IV fluid boluses to improve the circulation
4. DOral potassium supplements and rest

The nurse has four patients with diabetes. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient waiting for a routine HbA1c test
2. BA newly diagnosed patient asking about which foods to eat
3. CA patient with a glucose of 14 mmol/L (252 mg/dL) who feels well and is eating
4. DA patient with a glucose of 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) who is sweaty and confused