内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
2. BThey slow down the absorption of food
3. CThey replace insulin that the body lacks
4. DThey make the pancreas release more insulin

What causes Graves' disease?

1. AToo much TSH from a pituitary tumour
2. BAntibodies that stimulate the TSH receptor
3. CA viral infection of the parathyroid glands
4. DA lack of iodine in the diet

Which hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

1. AInsulin and glucagon
2. BAdrenaline and noradrenaline
3. CCortisol and aldosterone
4. DThyroxine and calcitonin

哪种电解质模式是 Addison 病的典型表现？

1. A高钠低钾
2. B低钾低糖
3. C高钙低磷
4. D低钠高钾

A patient is due a rapid-acting insulin dose before lunch, but the meal trays are delayed. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the insulin now and the meal when it comes
2. BOmit the dose entirely for the rest of the day
3. CGive the insulin with a glass of water instead
4. DWait to give the insulin until the meal arrives

A man starts finasteride for an enlarged prostate. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt works within hours by relaxing the bladder muscle
2. BIt is used only for a few days at a time
3. CIt lowers the blood pressure, so dizziness is very common
4. DIt takes months to work; pregnant women must not handle broken tablets

On day 6 after a subarachnoid haemorrhage, a patient becomes newly confused and develops weakness in one arm. The aneurysm was secured on day 1. What is the most likely cause?

1. ADelayed cerebral ischaemia from vasospasm
2. BHypoglycaemia from reduced eating
3. CNormal tiredness after major surgery
4. DRe-bleeding from the secured aneurysm

A patient with renal colic has normal kidney function and no other contraindications. Which drug is usually the first choice for pain?

1. AAn NSAID such as diclofenac
2. BAn oral antihistamine such as cetirizine
3. CA benzodiazepine such as diazepam
4. DOral paracetamol (acetaminophen) alone