内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is overflow incontinence?

1. ALeaking when sneezing or jumping
2. BLeaking after a sudden strong urge
3. CWetting caused by not being able to undress quickly
4. DDribbling from a bladder that does not empty properly

Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?

1. AGetting lost in places that were familiar
2. BMemory problems in a person over the age of 75
3. CA sudden onset with attention that comes and goes
4. DDifficulty finding the right words

糖尿病患者的低血糖通常以哪个血糖水平来界定？

1. A低于 7.0 mmol/L（约 126 mg/dL）
2. B低于 1.0 mmol/L（约 18 mg/dL）
3. C低于 4.0 mmol/L（约 70 mg/dL）
4. D低于 10 mmol/L（约 180 mg/dL）

垂体手术后，一名患者三小时内每小时排尿 400 mL，尿比重低。护士应怀疑什么？

1. ASIADH
2. B尿崩症
3. C急性肾损伤
4. D正常利尿

哪一组结果最支持 DKA 而不是 HHS？

1. A渗透压极高，血中仅有微量酮体
2. B血糖高于 30 mmol/L，pH 正常
3. C酮体正常，碳酸氢盐正常
4. D酮体高、pH 低于 7.3、碳酸氢盐低

Which CSF result is most typical of bacterial meningitis?

1. ABlood-stained fluid that clears in later tubes
2. BClear fluid with normal cells, glucose and protein
3. CClear fluid, many lymphocytes, normal glucose and slightly raised protein
4. DCloudy fluid, many neutrophils, low glucose and high protein

A patient with Addison's disease has been vomiting for a day. They are confused, with BP 78/40 mmHg, sodium 126 mmol/L and potassium 6.0 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AOral hydrocortisone and an antiemetic by mouth
2. BA fluid restriction for the low sodium
3. CIV potassium to correct the electrolytes
4. DIV hydrocortisone straight away, plus IV fluids

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
2. B夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内
3. C治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表
4. D密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压