内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

After a head injury, a patient has bruising behind the ear over the mastoid bone. What does this suggest?

1. AA fracture of the base of the skull
2. BA fractured jaw
3. CAn injury to the outer ear only
4. DA simple scalp laceration

颅内压升高最早、最敏感的征象是什么？

1. A双侧瞳孔固定散大
2. B意识水平改变
3. C呼吸不规则伴长时间停顿
4. D心动过缓伴高血压

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. APain that is worse after a long day at work
2. BNumbness between the legs and new bladder problems
3. CBack pain that eases when walking around the house
4. DMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off

关于甘精胰岛素等长效基础胰岛素，下列哪项说法正确？

1. A仅在大餐后使用以覆盖碳水化合物
2. B在 1 型糖尿病中，即使患者不进食也要继续使用
3. C注射后约 30 分钟有明显的作用高峰
4. D与速效胰岛素混在同一支注射器中

一名服用卡比马唑治疗甲状腺功能亢进的患者主诉咽痛和发热。护士应怎么做？

1. A将剂量加倍，以更快控制甲状腺
2. B建议用盐水漱口，并继续服药一周
3. C安排紧急全血细胞计数，排查粒细胞缺乏症
4. D安慰患者，因为该药没有严重的血液副作用

How does the nurse test the facial nerve (VII)?

1. ATouch the forehead, cheek and chin with cotton wool
2. BShine a light in each eye and check the pupil response
3. CAsk them to raise the eyebrows, shut the eyes tightly and smile
4. DAsk the patient to stick out the tongue and move it from side to side

A patient with type 1 diabetes has a seizure on the ward. Their capillary glucose is 1.9 mmol/L (34 mg/dL). They cannot swallow. What is the most appropriate treatment?

1. AIV glucose or IM glucagon, then recheck the glucose
2. BA rapid-acting insulin dose to stabilise the glucose
3. CGlucose gel squeezed into the mouth during the seizure
4. DAn antiepileptic drug only, because seizures need seizure treatment

A patient with CKD has a high phosphate, a low calcium and a high PTH. What does this show?

1. APrimary hyperparathyroidism from a tumour
2. BSecondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
3. CToo much vitamin D from supplements
4. DHypoparathyroidism after neck surgery