内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 60 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. BBelow 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. CBelow 120 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. DBelow 15 mL/min/1.73 m²

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AThyroid cancer
2. BA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
3. CAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
4. DToo much iodine in salt

Which statement about Huntington's disease is correct?

1. AIt is cured by levodopa
2. BIt mainly affects children under the age of five years
3. CIt is caused by a bacterial infection of the brain
4. DIt is inherited and causes involuntary jerky movements

A nurse is teaching a patient going home after a mild concussion. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will return if my headache gets steadily worse."
2. B"A few drinks tonight will help me relax and sleep."
3. C"Someone will stay with me for the first night."
4. D"I will come back if I start vomiting again and again."

一名服用达格列净（一种 SGLT2 抑制剂）的患者呕吐，血酮 4.5 mmol/L，但血糖只有 11 mmol/L。应怀疑什么？

1. A高渗高血糖状态
2. B呕吐引起的低血糖
3. C不需要处理的正常副作用
4. D正常血糖性糖尿病酮症酸中毒

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium
2. BThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery
3. CThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction
4. DThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation

一名 1 型糖尿病患者因明天手术而禁食。哪种方案最安全？

1. A停用所有胰岛素，直到患者恢复正常饮食
2. B仅在夜间尿酮体强阳性时才给胰岛素
3. C给予平时的餐时胰岛素，即使不会进食
4. D继续使用一部分胰岛素（基础胰岛素或可变速率静脉输注），并监测血糖

血液透析期间，一名患者血压降至 80/50 mmHg，感到头晕恶心。最恰当的首要护理措施是什么？

1. A让患者平躺，减少超滤，并寻求帮助
2. B提高超滤速度，使透析更早结束
3. C让患者坐直，并鼓励短距离行走
4. D立即给予患者平时的降压药剂量