内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which three responses make up the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. AOrientation to time, place and person, plus memory
2. BPupil size, pulse and blood pressure
3. CEye opening, verbal response and motor response
4. DReflexes, muscle tone and sensation

哪一组症状是甲状腺功能减退的典型表现？

1. A怕热、体重减轻、细微震颤和心悸
2. B极度口渴和排大量尿
3. C怕冷、疲倦、体重增加和便秘
4. D腹泻、焦虑、出汗和眼球突出

What is the normal intracranial pressure in a resting adult?

1. AAbout 80–100 mmHg
2. BAbout 20–30 mmHg
3. CAbout 5–15 mmHg
4. DAbout 40–60 mmHg

Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. AChange the catheter for a new one every day
2. BKeep the drainage bag above bladder level
3. CDisconnect the bag regularly to empty it
4. DRemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs
4. DParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart

A patient has acute glomerulonephritis with oedema and high blood pressure. Which nursing care is most appropriate?

1. ACheck the weight once a week
2. BEncourage a high-salt diet to balance the fluids
3. CMonitor BP, fluid balance and daily weight
4. DGive large amounts of IV fluid

A patient's corrected calcium is 1.7 mmol/L (about 6.8 mg/dL). Which ECG change is most typical?

1. AA prolonged QT interval
2. BST elevation in all leads
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DA shortened QT interval

A patient with AKI has a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. What does this suggest?

1. AA post-renal blockage, with urine backed up
2. BA pre-renal cause, with kidneys holding salt and water
3. CDiabetes insipidus, with too little ADH
4. DAcute tubular necrosis, with damaged and leaking tubules