内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

免费可打印的内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷：8 道题，从简单到考试水平，附答案。可打印或另存为 PDF。

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姓名: ____________________   日期: ____________

1.简单

What is sciatica?

  1. ACramp in the calf muscle after exercise, caused by low potassium levels
  2. BPain in the front of the knee caused by arthritis
  3. CStiffness of the hips in the morning
  4. DPain that spreads down the back of the leg from an irritated nerve root
2.简单

Which HbA1c result is commonly used as the threshold for diagnosing diabetes?

  1. A48 mmol/mol (6.5%) or higher
  2. B75 mmol/mol (9.0%) or higher
  3. C38 mmol/mol (5.6%) or higher
  4. D30 mmol/mol (4.9%) or higher
3.简单

How should a patient collect a midstream urine sample?

  1. ALet the first part go in the toilet, then catch the middle
  2. BCollect urine over 24 hours into one bottle
  3. CCollect the very first drops into the container
  4. DCollect urine from the toilet bowl afterwards
4.中等

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

  1. AKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
  2. BDrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
  3. CSkip a dose on days without any warning signs
  4. DAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
5.中等

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

  1. ARestricting fluids in the evening only
  2. BVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet
  3. CCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
  4. DAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic
6.中等

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

  1. ASpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs
  2. BParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
  3. CThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
  4. DThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
7.困难

A patient with suspected meningitis has a GCS of 9 and pupils that have become unequal. A doctor plans an immediate lumbar puncture. What is the main concern?

  1. AA lumbar puncture would spread the infection to the blood
  2. BThere is no concern, because the lumbar puncture lowers pressure safely
  3. CThe patient is too confused to stay still, so it is not needed
  4. DRaised pressure in the skull, so the procedure could cause herniation
8.困难

一名血液透析患者问为什么透析间期要限制液体。哪项解释是正确的？

  1. A喝水会使透析从血液中清除过多的钾
  2. B过多的液体积聚，使血压升高，并在透析时引起呼吸困难和痉挛
  3. C限制液体主要是为了缩短在机器上的时间
  4. D额外的液体会削弱内瘘壁，使其更容易破裂

答案

  1. 1. D · Pain that spreads down the back of the leg from an irritated nerve root
  2. 2. A · 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) or higher
  3. 3. A · Let the first part go in the toilet, then catch the middle
  4. 4. A · Keep regular sleep and take every dose on time
  5. 5. D · Allopurinol and making the urine less acidic
  6. 6. B · Paralysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
  7. 7. D · Raised pressure in the skull, so the procedure could cause herniation
  8. 8. B · 过多的液体积聚，使血压升高，并在透析时引起呼吸困难和痉挛

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