内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What causes Graves' disease?

1. AA lack of iodine in the diet
2. BAntibodies that stimulate the TSH receptor
3. CA viral infection of the parathyroid glands
4. DToo much TSH from a pituitary tumour

What is a common complication after a lumbar puncture?

1. AA headache that is worse when sitting or standing
2. BPermanent paralysis of both legs from nerve damage
3. CLoss of hearing in one ear
4. DA rapid rise in blood glucose

What is diabetic gastroparesis?

1. AA blockage of the small bowel by scar tissue
2. BA stomach ulcer caused by long-term metformin use
3. CInflammation of the pancreas from high glucose
4. DSlow emptying of the stomach due to nerve damage

一名服用格列齐特（一种磺脲类药物）的患者因低血糖入院。为什么需要延长监测时间？

1. A该药数小时的延迟后才使血糖升高
2. B磺脲类药物自身不会引起低血糖
3. C该药只在夜间起作用，因此晨起检查无用
4. D该药作用持续多个小时，低血糖可能再次出现

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
4. DSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs

After a change in the levothyroxine dose, when is the TSH usually rechecked?

1. AAfter about 2 years of treatment
2. BAfter 24 hours
3. CAfter 3 days
4. DAfter about 6–8 weeks

凌晨 03:00 一名患者的血糖为 3.6 mmol/L，但早餐前血糖偏高。该患者晚上使用长效胰岛素。护士应怎么做？

1. A03:00 额外给胰岛素，因为早晨的数值会偏高
2. B忽略夜间读数，只根据早晨的数值处理
3. C处理低血糖，并报告这一规律，以便复核晚间剂量
4. D永久停用所有胰岛素，并每四小时监测血糖

一名老年 2 型糖尿病患者血糖 48 mmol/L，渗透压 365 mOsm/kg，无明显酮体，意识混乱。首要任务是什么？

1. A谨慎静脉补液，并密切检查渗透压、血钠和血糖
2. B口服葡萄糖以防治疗期间发生低血糖
3. C严格限制液体以避免脑水肿
4. D大剂量静脉推注胰岛素，使血糖在一小时内降至正常