内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

门冬胰岛素或赖脯胰岛素等速效胰岛素通常应在何时注射？

1. A餐后约两小时
2. B睡前，不进食
3. C餐前不久或进餐时
4. D每天一次，无论进餐情况

In neurological charting, what does PERRLA stand for?

1. APupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
2. BPain eased, resting, relaxed, lying awake
3. CPatient eating, resting, reading, learning and alert at all times
4. DPulse even, regular, rate low and adequate

Which is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke?

1. AMale sex
2. BOlder age
3. CFamily history of stroke
4. DHigh blood pressure

Which nursing care is most important for a patient with diabetes insipidus?

1. AWeighing the patient once a month
2. BA strict fluid restriction to reduce the amount of urine passed
3. CStrict fluid balance, daily weight and free access to water
4. DGiving a loop diuretic to clear extra fluid

为什么每次血液透析前后都要给患者称体重？

1. A计算未来一周每种药物的剂量
2. B检查营养不良引起的体重减轻
3. C了解清除了多少液体，并指导确定干体重
4. D因为没有体重数据机器无法启动

Which statement about giving IV potassium is correct?

1. AIt can be given quickly as a push to correct the level fast
2. BIt needs no monitoring at all once the infusion is running
3. CIt is diluted and given through an infusion pump, never as a bolus
4. DIt is safest given through a small vein in the hand at a fast rate

A patient with a head injury now has a blood pressure of 190/70 mmHg, a pulse of 48/min and irregular breathing. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AHypovolaemic shock from internal bleeding
2. BCushing's triad, a late sign of raised intracranial pressure
3. CA normal stress response to pain, anxiety and the noise of the ward
4. DNeurogenic shock from a spinal cord injury

一名急性缺血性卒中患者不适合溶栓。第 1 天血压为 190/100 mmHg，没有其他紧急情况。通常哪种做法是恰当的？

1. A用静脉药物迅速降至 110/70 mmHg
2. B让患者平躺并大量快速补液
3. C避免积极降压，遵循卒中团队的目标
4. D每 5 分钟喷一次硝酸酯喷雾，直到低于 120 mmHg