内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
2. BTo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription
3. CTo record the patient's blood glucose results
4. DTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
2. BThey slow down the absorption of food
3. CThey replace insulin that the body lacks
4. DThey make the pancreas release more insulin

How is the pain of renal colic typically described?

1. ABurning pain in the chest after meals
2. BSevere pain that comes in waves from the loin to the groin
3. CPain in the right lower abdomen that started near the navel
4. DA dull ache in the lower back after lifting

长期服用苯妥英的患者应被告知哪种副作用？

1. A几乎所有患者都会头皮脱发
2. B体重减轻和不耐热
3. C牙龈增生，因此良好的口腔卫生很重要
4. D逐渐发生的永久性听力丧失

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. ALoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides
2. BWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs
3. CParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
4. DWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. AHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
2. BThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off
3. CDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours
4. DDialysis removes all the platelets from the blood

Six weeks after a kidney transplant, a patient has a fever, tenderness over the graft, less urine and a rising creatinine. What is most likely?

1. AA side effect of sun exposure
2. BDehydration that needs only more oral fluids and rest
3. CA normal finding as the kidney settles in
4. DAcute rejection, needing urgent transplant team review

A patient had rapid-acting insulin before lunch, then vomited the meal 15 minutes later. What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore it, because vomiting raises blood glucose
2. BGive the evening long-acting insulin early to balance it
3. CGive another insulin dose because the meal was lost
4. DMonitor glucose closely and tell the prescriber about the hypo risk