内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Why does a patient with a kidney transplant need lifelong medicines?

1. ATo stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney
2. BTo prevent kidney stones in the new kidney
3. CTo keep the blood pressure low enough
4. DTo help the new kidney make more urine each day

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
2. BAny single raised creatinine result
3. CAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
4. DKidney pain lasting more than a week

在 FAST 卒中检测法中，字母 A 代表什么？

1. AArms（手臂）：双臂能否抬起并保持住？
2. BAllergies（过敏）：此人是否对什么过敏？
3. CAirway（气道）：气道是否开放、通畅？
4. DAlertness（警觉）：此人是否完全清醒？

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. ADouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
2. BStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
3. CPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
4. DKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
2. BAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done
3. CWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
4. DStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. AProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
2. BAir entering the abdomen during exchanges
3. CGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid
4. DSodium lost into the dialysis fluid

Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding the dose of correction insulin from the glucose result
2. BChecking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
3. CTeaching a new patient how to inject insulin
4. DAssessing a confused patient whose glucose is 2.6 mmol/L (47 mg/dL)

A patient who has taken prednisolone daily for years is vomiting and cannot keep tablets down. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently for steroid by injection
2. BOmit the steroid until the vomiting stops
3. CGive the tablets again after every vomit
4. DGive the next dose with a glass of milk