内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. ARegular eye screening with retinal photographs
2. BWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision
3. CA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
4. DChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit

What is automated peritoneal dialysis?

1. ADialysis that needs no fluid at all
2. BDialysis in hospital through an arm fistula
3. CExchanges done overnight by a machine
4. DA single exchange done once a week

What is the usual first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women?

1. ARestricting fluids to half a litre a day
2. BSurgery straight away
3. CA permanent urinary catheter
4. DPelvic floor muscle training

After pressing the plunger of an insulin pen, what should the patient do?

1. APull the needle out at once and rub the site firmly
2. BLeave the needle on the pen for the next injection
3. CKeep the needle in the skin for about 10 seconds
4. DInject a second dose straight away to be sure

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA diet very high in caffeine for energy
2. BA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
3. CA high-calorie diet with enough protein
4. DA strict low-protein diet

Where is the zero point of an external ventricular drain usually levelled?

1. AAt the level of the umbilicus
2. BAt the mid-axillary line of the chest
3. CAt the top of the head
4. DAt the tragus of the ear

卒中阿替普酶输注期间，患者出现剧烈头痛、呕吐和 GCS 下降。护士首先应做什么？

1. A给镇静剂使患者安静下来并继续输注
2. B停止输注并紧急呼叫卒中团队
3. C给止吐药，一小时后复查 GCS
4. D加快输注速度，使其更快完成

血液透析期间，一名患者血压降至 80/50 mmHg，感到头晕恶心。最恰当的首要护理措施是什么？

1. A提高超滤速度，使透析更早结束
2. B立即给予患者平时的降压药剂量
3. C让患者坐直，并鼓励短距离行走
4. D让患者平躺，减少超滤，并寻求帮助