内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

哪项征象提示腹膜透析患者发生腹膜炎？

1. A引流出的液体清亮、呈稻草色
2. B长时间留腹后轻度口渴
3. C引流出的液体浑浊并伴腹痛
4. D留腹后引流出的液体比平时略少

Which heart rhythm greatly increases the risk of an embolic stroke?

1. AAtrial fibrillation
2. BSinus arrhythmia
3. CSinus bradycardia
4. DFirst-degree heart block

Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?

1. AMemory problems in a person over the age of 75
2. BGetting lost in places that were familiar
3. CDifficulty finding the right words
4. DA sudden onset with attention that comes and goes

甲状腺手术一周后，一名患者的声音仍然嘶哑无力。最可能的并发症是什么？

1. A对粘性敷料胶带过敏
2. B喉返神经损伤
3. C甲状旁腺损伤引起的低钙
4. D手术诱发的甲状腺危象

一名服用达格列净（一种 SGLT2 抑制剂）的患者呕吐，血酮 4.5 mmol/L，但血糖只有 11 mmol/L。应怀疑什么？

1. A呕吐引起的低血糖
2. B高渗高血糖状态
3. C不需要处理的正常副作用
4. D正常血糖性糖尿病酮症酸中毒

Why is levodopa combined with carbidopa (or benserazide)?

1. ATo stop levodopa being converted to dopamine outside the brain
2. BTo make levodopa cross into the brain more slowly and evenly
3. CTo prevent tolerance from developing to levodopa over time
4. DTo add a separate effect that reduces the resting tremor directly

The nurse has four renal patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with mild itching from uraemia who wants a cream
2. BA patient with CKD asking about their phosphate binder
3. CA patient with a creatinine slightly above their usual level
4. DA patient with a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L who reports palpitations

一名甲状腺功能减退患者已数周未服药，入院时体温过低、嗜睡，脉搏 46 次/分，血钠偏低，PaCO₂ 升高。最可能的诊断是什么？

1. A肾上腺危象
2. B黏液性水肿昏迷
3. C甲状腺危象
4. D中暑