内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Why should people with diabetic neuropathy avoid walking barefoot?

1. AWalking barefoot raises the blood glucose
2. BBare feet lose too much heat through the skin
3. CThey may not feel an injury, so it can go unnoticed
4. DInsulin is absorbed less well from the feet and the legs

Which symptoms are typical of uraemia in advanced kidney disease?

1. ASevere flank pain with visible blood in the urine
2. BExcess thirst with a very high glucose
3. CItching, nausea, tiredness and poor appetite
4. DHeat intolerance, tremor and weight loss

Where should a urinary catheter drainage bag be kept?

1. AAbove the bladder so urine flows faster
2. BBelow the level of the bladder and off the floor
3. COn the bed next to the patient's pillow
4. DOn the floor under the bed, out of the way

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. ABulk-forming laxatives
2. BPenicillin antibiotics
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DSSRI antidepressants

A man starts tamsulosin for BPH. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AStop it if the urine stream improves
2. BExpect the drug to shrink the prostate within a day
3. CTake it with grapefruit juice to make it work better
4. DStand up slowly, because it can make you dizzy

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. ADialysis removes all the platelets from the blood
2. BThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off
3. CHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
4. DDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
2. B治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表
3. C密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压
4. D夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内

A patient with polycystic kidney disease suddenly has the worst headache of their life and neck stiffness. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA subarachnoid haemorrhage from a brain aneurysm
2. BPain spreading upwards from a kidney cyst
3. CA migraine linked to high blood pressure
4. DA urinary infection that has spread