内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
2. BThey make the pancreas release more insulin
3. CThey slow down the absorption of food
4. DThey replace insulin that the body lacks

What does the HbA1c test show?

1. AThe amount of insulin the pancreas is making
2. BThe average blood glucose over about two to three months
3. CThe blood glucose at the exact moment that the sample is taken
4. DThe glucose level over the last 24 hours only

A febrile patient has a rash that does not fade when a glass is pressed against it. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA simple viral skin rash
2. BHeat rash from a high temperature
3. CMeningococcal septicaemia
4. DAn allergic reaction to soap

A patient is starting nitrofurantoin for a UTI. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AIt should be taken on an empty stomach with milk
2. BIt turns the tears and sweat bright orange
3. CIt may turn the urine dark yellow or brown
4. DIt must be taken only once a week

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ATake extra vitamin C supplements
2. BDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
3. CCut all calcium out of the diet
4. DDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making
2. BThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes
3. CToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
4. DThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
2. BReassure him, because the blood has stopped
3. CUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
4. DAdvise more fluids and review in a year

A patient with type 1 diabetes has a seizure on the ward. Their capillary glucose is 1.9 mmol/L (34 mg/dL). They cannot swallow. What is the most appropriate treatment?

1. AAn antiepileptic drug only, because seizures need seizure treatment
2. BIV glucose or IM glucagon, then recheck the glucose
3. CA rapid-acting insulin dose to stabilise the glucose
4. DGlucose gel squeezed into the mouth during the seizure