内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 60 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. BBelow 120 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. CBelow 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. DBelow 15 mL/min/1.73 m²

Which group of features defines nephrotic syndrome?

1. AHeavy proteinuria, low albumin and oedema
2. BSevere loin pain that spreads to the groin
3. CPainful urination, fever and frequency
4. DBlood in the urine, high BP and low urine output

哪种类型的卒中最常见？

1. A脑静脉窦血栓形成
2. B动脉破裂引起的出血性卒中
3. C动脉瘤引起的蛛网膜下腔出血
4. D动脉阻塞引起的缺血性卒中

A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?

1. AThrough a fine-bore nasal tube
2. BThrough the mouth (orogastric)
3. CThrough the nose with a guidewire
4. DThrough the nose (nasogastric)

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. AMagnesium-containing antacids
2. BAvoiding large meals late in the evening
3. CRaising the head of the bed at night
4. DEating smaller, more frequent meals

一名 SIADH 患者血钠 126 mmol/L，症状轻微。通常的一线治疗是什么？

1. A额外口服水
2. B去氨加压素
3. C限制液体
4. D静脉输注 5% 葡萄糖

A patient with diabetic neuropathy has a hot, red, swollen foot that is barely painful. The skin is intact, and there is no fever. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA sprained ankle that will settle with walking
2. BAn acute Charcot foot, needing urgent offloading
3. CNormal swelling from standing too long
4. DGout, which only needs pain relief

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
2. B治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表
3. C夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内
4. D密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压