内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which description best fits type 2 diabetes?

1. AA total lack of insulin from birth
2. BAutoimmune destruction of all beta cells in childhood
3. CToo much insulin released after meals
4. DInsulin resistance with a relative lack of insulin

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

1. AAn autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands
2. BA lack of ACTH from the pituitary gland
3. CLong-term use of glucocorticoid medicines
4. DA tumour of the adrenal medulla

Which picture is typical of Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. AA resting tremor that slowly spreads to the other hand
2. BA sudden one-sided facial droop with slurred speech
3. CRising weakness from the legs, weeks after an infection
4. DMuscle weakness that worsens late in the day and improves with rest

哪一组结果最支持 DKA 而不是 HHS？

1. A渗透压极高，血中仅有微量酮体
2. B酮体高、pH 低于 7.3、碳酸氢盐低
3. C酮体正常，碳酸氢盐正常
4. D血糖高于 30 mmol/L，pH 正常

A patient's fistula starts to bleed at home after the needles were removed. What should they do first?

1. ARaise the arm and let it bleed freely
2. BPress firmly on the site with clean gauze
3. CApply a tight tourniquet above the fistula
4. DWait for the next dialysis session

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. ASSRI antidepressants
2. BPenicillin antibiotics
3. CBulk-forming laxatives
4. DProton pump inhibitors

A patient on a variable rate IV insulin infusion is nil by mouth. Why is a glucose-containing IV fluid usually given alongside it?

1. ATo speed up the action of the insulin in the muscles
2. BTo stop the insulin sticking to the IV tubing
3. CTo replace the potassium lost from the cells
4. DTo prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. ANo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed
2. BStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging
3. CUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy
4. DGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow