内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What does dysarthria mean?

1. AUnclear speech caused by weak or poorly coordinated speech muscles
2. BLoss of the ability to understand spoken or written language
3. CInability to read or write after a brain injury
4. DDifficulty swallowing food and drink safely

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

1. AWomen drink more fluids than men do each day
2. BThe urethra is shorter and closer to the anus
3. CWomen have more bacteria in their blood
4. DWomen's kidneys are smaller than men's

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa
2. BIn the original kidney position at the back
3. CJust under the skin of the arm
4. DIn the chest, next to the heart

急性肾损伤（KDIGO）的哪项标准与尿量有关？

1. A低于 0.5 mL/kg/h，持续 6 小时或更长
2. B24 小时内少于 1 L，无论摄入量如何
3. C低于 2 mL/kg/h，持续 1 小时
4. D尿液颜色发生任何变化

Why is levodopa combined with carbidopa (or benserazide)?

1. ATo prevent tolerance from developing to levodopa over time
2. BTo make levodopa cross into the brain more slowly and evenly
3. CTo add a separate effect that reduces the resting tremor directly
4. DTo stop levodopa being converted to dopamine outside the brain

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo catch the stone so it can be analysed
2. BTo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
3. CTo remove blood clots before testing
4. DTo measure the urine volume more accurately

A patient taking amiodarone has gained weight and feels tired and cold. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. ASerum ferritin
2. BSerum amylase and lipase levels
3. CBlood alcohol level
4. DThyroid function tests

During haemodialysis, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with chest pain, and air is seen in the line. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASpeed up the pump to clear the air into the patient
2. BContinue the session and recheck in 30 minutes
3. CClamp the lines and lay the patient left side down, head low
4. DSit the patient upright and give a drink of water