内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

关于短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA），下列哪项说法正确？

1. A症状完全消退，但卒中风险高，因此需要紧急评估
2. B由脑组织内的小出血引起
3. C症状持续数天，并留下持久的无力
4. D不需要随访，因为所有症状都消失了

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AThyroid cancer
2. BA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
3. CAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
4. DToo much iodine in salt

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
2. BTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine
3. CTo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription
4. DTo record the patient's blood glucose results

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
2. BOlder adults often show infection as confusion
3. CA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
4. DConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age

Which picture fits anterior cord syndrome?

1. AArms much weaker than legs after a neck injury
2. BLoss of movement and pain sense, with position sense kept
3. CNormal movement but complete loss of position sense
4. DWeakness on one side and loss of pain sensation on the other side

A stroke patient with dysphagia has been started on a modified diet. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?

1. ASit the patient fully upright for meals and for a while afterwards
2. BFeed quickly so the patient does not tire during the meal
3. CGive fluids through a straw so they flow more slowly
4. DLay the patient flat straight after meals so they can rest and digest

A patient's potassium is 7.1 mmol/L, and the ECG shows peaked T waves and broad QRS complexes. What is the first treatment?

1. AOral sodium bicarbonate
2. BOral potassium binder
3. CIV calcium gluconate
4. DIV furosemide

A patient with type 1 diabetes is vomiting at home. Their glucose is 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL), and blood ketones are 3.5 mmol/L. What advice is correct?

1. ASeek urgent hospital assessment for possible DKA
2. BWait until the glucose is above 20 mmol/L (360 mg/dL)
3. CDrink less fluid to stop the vomiting
4. DStop insulin until the vomiting has settled