内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. AWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist
2. BMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day
3. CLeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
4. DUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
2. BThey make the pancreas release more insulin
3. CThey replace insulin that the body lacks
4. DThey slow down the absorption of food

In dialysis care, what does "dry weight" mean?

1. AThe weight of the patient's clothes
2. BThe weight measured with an empty bladder
3. CThe weight without excess fluid in the body
4. DThe weight after the patient has drunk nothing for a day

Why is good blood pressure control important in chronic kidney disease?

1. AIt raises the haemoglobin level in the blood
2. BIt lowers the blood glucose
3. CIt cures chronic kidney disease
4. DIt slows the decline in kidney function

关于高渗高血糖状态（HHS），下列哪项说法正确？

1. A数分钟内发生，比 DKA 危险性小
2. B主要见于 1 型糖尿病幼儿
3. C总是引起血酮升高和严重代谢性酸中毒
4. D主要影响老年 2 型糖尿病患者，数天内发展

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
2. BThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work
3. CThe vaccine lowers the potassium level
4. DShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk

Which task for a patient with a urinary catheter can the nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AEmptying the drainage bag and recording the volume
2. BTeaching self-catheterisation for the first time
3. CAssessing a patient whose irrigation is not draining
4. DDeciding whether the catheter can be removed

Weeks after starting insulin, a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes needs much less insulin and has frequent mild hypos. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA honeymoon phase, but insulin is still needed
2. BThe diabetes has been cured, so insulin can stop
3. CThe patient actually has type 2 diabetes
4. DThe insulin has gone off and should be replaced