内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which type of insulin is given intravenously, for example in an insulin infusion?

1. ALong-acting insulin glargine
2. BSoluble (regular) short-acting insulin
3. CIntermediate-acting NPH (isophane) insulin
4. DPremixed biphasic insulin

对糖尿病患者，下列哪项日常足部护理建议是正确的？

1. A在家用剃刀片去除鸡眼
2. B每天检查双脚，绝不赤脚行走
3. C每年到诊所检查一次双脚
4. D每天用热水泡脚一小时

什么是发作后期（postictal phase）？

1. A发作开始前的先兆感觉
2. B发作后的嗜睡和意识混乱阶段
3. C持续超过五分钟的发作
4. D强直–阵挛发作开始时的僵直阶段

为什么在 DKA 静脉输注胰岛素时必须密切监测钾？

1. A在 DKA 中胰岛素对钾没有影响
2. B胰岛素使肾脏潴留钾，因此血钾会上升
3. C胰岛素在血液中分解钾
4. D胰岛素使钾进入细胞，因此血钾可能迅速下降

A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?

1. AGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
2. BRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan
3. CDoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image
4. DGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan

Why are insulin and glucose given together to treat hyperkalaemia?

1. AInsulin protects the heart muscle cells from the potassium
2. BGlucose binds the potassium in the blood and removes it
3. CInsulin makes the kidneys pass more potassium in the urine
4. DInsulin moves potassium into cells; glucose prevents a hypo

At bedtime, a patient was given their rapid-acting insulin by mistake instead of their long-acting insulin. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive glucagon now, before the glucose has fallen
2. BTell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight
3. CGive the long-acting dose as well and check glucose at breakfast
4. DSay nothing, because the patient is asleep and seems fine

A patient with a new arm fistula says their hand on that side is cold, pale and painful, especially during dialysis. What is the concern?

1. ASteal syndrome, which needs urgent review
2. BAn allergic reaction to the dressing on the arm
3. CFluid overload in the arm
4. DNormal healing that needs no action