内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

1. ABending of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed
2. BBruising behind the ear after a head injury
3. CPain and resistance when the knee is straightened with the hip flexed
4. DTwitching of the facial muscles when the cheek is tapped in front of the ear

After a head injury, a patient has bruising behind the ear over the mastoid bone. What does this suggest?

1. AA fracture of the base of the skull
2. BA simple scalp laceration
3. CAn injury to the outer ear only
4. DA fractured jaw

Which statement about metformin is correct?

1. AIt is given by injection into the abdomen once a week
2. BUsed on its own, it rarely causes hypoglycaemia
3. CIt works by making the pancreas release a lot more insulin
4. DIt is the usual first treatment for type 1 diabetes in adults

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. APropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
2. BPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug
3. CCarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
4. DCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. ADrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
2. BAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
3. CKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
4. DSkip a dose on days without any warning signs

After a kidney biopsy, which observation is most important?

1. ASigns of bleeding, such as haematuria and a rising pulse
2. BThe temperature every four hours only
3. CThe patient's appetite at the next meal
4. DThe colour of the patient's skin on the face

A patient who had pituitary surgery has fatigue and feels cold. TSH is low, and free T4 is low. What is the most likely cause?

1. AOver-replacement with levothyroxine
2. BPrimary hypothyroidism from thyroid failure
3. CHyperthyroidism from Graves' disease
4. DSecondary hypothyroidism

Which task for a patient with a urinary catheter can the nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AEmptying the drainage bag and recording the volume
2. BTeaching self-catheterisation for the first time
3. CAssessing a patient whose irrigation is not draining
4. DDeciding whether the catheter can be removed