内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

免费可打印的内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷：8 道题，从简单到考试水平，附答案。可打印或另存为 PDF。

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姓名: ____________________   日期: ____________

1.简单

Why does a patient with a kidney transplant need lifelong medicines?

  1. ATo help the new kidney make more urine each day
  2. BTo prevent kidney stones in the new kidney
  3. CTo stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney
  4. DTo keep the blood pressure low enough
2.简单

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

  1. AIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa
  2. BJust under the skin of the arm
  3. CIn the chest, next to the heart
  4. DIn the original kidney position at the back
3.简单

Which hourly urine output is usually taken as the minimum acceptable for an adult?

  1. AAbout 0.05 mL/kg per hour
  2. BAbout 5 mL/kg per hour
  3. CAbout 0.5 mL/kg per hour
  4. DAbout 10 mL/kg per hour
4.中等

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

  1. ADrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine
  2. BTake extra vitamin C supplements
  3. CCut all calcium out of the diet
  4. DDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
5.中等

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

  1. AToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
  2. BThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making
  3. CThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible
  4. DThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes
6.中等

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

  1. AOlder adults often show infection as confusion
  2. BUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
  3. CA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
  4. DConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
7.困难

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

  1. AStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
  2. BEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
  3. CTreat the confusion with a sedative
  4. DGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
8.困难

A prescription reads "Insulin 10U". Why is this a safety problem?

  1. A"U" can be misread as a zero, giving a tenfold dose
  2. B"U" means the insulin must be given intravenously
  3. CInsulin doses must always be written in millilitres
  4. DThere is no problem as long as the nurse can read it

答案

  1. 1. C · To stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney
  2. 2. A · In the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa
  3. 3. C · About 0.5 mL/kg per hour
  4. 4. D · Drink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
  5. 5. A · Too high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
  6. 6. A · Older adults often show infection as confusion
  7. 7. A · Start sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
  8. 8. A · "U" can be misread as a zero, giving a tenfold dose

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