内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
2. BIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys
3. CIt is caused by drinking too little water
4. DIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys

What is the purpose of a steroid emergency card or medical alert ID?

1. ATo warn staff that extra steroid is needed in illness or injury
2. BTo record the patient's blood glucose results
3. CTo show that the patient is allergic to all types of steroid medicine
4. DTo let the patient buy steroids without a prescription

How should a patient collect a midstream urine sample?

1. ACollect the very first drops into the container
2. BLet the first part go in the toilet, then catch the middle
3. CCollect urine over 24 hours into one bottle
4. DCollect urine from the toilet bowl afterwards

What is the dexamethasone suppression test used for?

1. ATo measure kidney function
2. BTo help diagnose Cushing's syndrome
3. CTo check thyroid function
4. DTo diagnose diabetes insipidus

Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?

1. ALate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing
2. BLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose
3. CLate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
4. DGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse

Which action is part of an effective bowel programme after a spinal cord injury?

1. AAvoiding fibre to prevent bloating
2. BUsing strong laxatives only when the bowel has not opened for a week
3. CA routine at the same time each day, often after a meal
4. DRestricting fluids to reduce the volume of stool

After removal of a cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma, why may the patient need hydrocortisone for months?

1. AThe operation always removes both adrenal glands
2. BHydrocortisone helps the wound to heal
3. CThe tumour will grow back quickly without it
4. DThe other adrenal gland has been suppressed

凌晨 03:00 一名患者的血糖为 3.6 mmol/L，但早餐前血糖偏高。该患者晚上使用长效胰岛素。护士应怎么做？

1. A忽略夜间读数，只根据早晨的数值处理
2. B03:00 额外给胰岛素，因为早晨的数值会偏高
3. C处理低血糖，并报告这一规律，以便复核晚间剂量
4. D永久停用所有胰岛素，并每四小时监测血糖