内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is a goitre?

1. AAn enlarged thyroid gland
2. BA swollen lymph node in the armpit
3. CA tumour of the adrenal gland
4. DAn overactive parathyroid gland

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
2. BA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
3. CInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight
4. DAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells

What is spinal shock?

1. AA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
2. BA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma
3. CA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage
4. DA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury

哪一组结果最支持 DKA 而不是 HHS？

1. A血糖高于 30 mmol/L，pH 正常
2. B渗透压极高，血中仅有微量酮体
3. C酮体高、pH 低于 7.3、碳酸氢盐低
4. D酮体正常，碳酸氢盐正常

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. AProton pump inhibitors
2. BBulk-forming laxatives
3. CPenicillin antibiotics
4. DSSRI antidepressants

Why is good blood pressure control important in chronic kidney disease?

1. AIt lowers the blood glucose
2. BIt slows the decline in kidney function
3. CIt cures chronic kidney disease
4. DIt raises the haemoglobin level in the blood

一次癫痫发作已持续 12 分钟。已给予两剂苯二氮䓬类药物，发作仍在继续。气道和氧气已处理。常用方案的下一步是什么？

1. A再等 30 分钟看发作是否停止
2. B每两分钟给第三、第四剂苯二氮䓬类药物
3. C二线静脉药物，如左乙拉西坦或苯妥英
4. D患者能吞咽后给予口服抗癫痫药片

A man with chronic urinary retention is catheterised. Over the next hours he passes very large volumes of urine. What is the main nursing concern?

1. ARupture of the bladder from the catheter
2. BA urinary infection caused by the high flow of urine
3. CA rise in blood glucose from the urine
4. DFluid and electrolyte loss from post-obstructive diuresis