内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

哪种简单检查用于筛查糖尿病患者足部的保护性感觉丧失？

1. A用 10 g 单丝触碰足底
2. B检查手指的毛细血管再充盈
3. C测量脚趾的毛细血管血糖
4. D测量小腿周径

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AAny single raised creatinine result
2. BKidney pain lasting more than a week
3. CAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
4. DA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery

哪种类型的卒中最常见？

1. A动脉阻塞引起的缺血性卒中
2. B脑静脉窦血栓形成
3. C动脉破裂引起的出血性卒中
4. D动脉瘤引起的蛛网膜下腔出血

A patient has a nephrostomy tube. Which finding needs urgent action?

1. ADrainage that stops suddenly with new loin pain
2. BLight pink urine on the first day after insertion
3. CSteady urine drainage into the bag
4. DA dry, intact dressing at the site

一名服用达格列净（一种 SGLT2 抑制剂）的患者呕吐，血酮 4.5 mmol/L，但血糖只有 11 mmol/L。应怀疑什么？

1. A呕吐引起的低血糖
2. B正常血糖性糖尿病酮症酸中毒
3. C高渗高血糖状态
4. D不需要处理的正常副作用

A patient has had a calcium oxalate kidney stone. Which advice best helps prevent another?

1. ACut all calcium out of the diet
2. BTake extra vitamin C supplements
3. CDrink plenty of fluid so the urine stays pale
4. DDrink only a little to avoid diluting the urine

全甲状腺切除术后，一名患者焦虑，出现喘鸣和颈部紧张性肿胀。护士首先应做什么？

1. A在颈部放冰袋，让患者平躺
2. B让患者尽可能多说话，以测试声音
3. C给予镇痛，一小时后再评估肿胀
4. D呼叫紧急援助：血肿可能压迫气道

A patient taking digoxin has a potassium of 2.9 mmol/L. Why is this especially dangerous?

1. ALow potassium makes digoxin leave the body faster
2. BDigoxin raises the potassium to dangerous levels
3. CLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
4. DDigoxin stops working when potassium is low