内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is the usual first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women?

1. APelvic floor muscle training
2. BRestricting fluids to half a litre a day
3. CA permanent urinary catheter
4. DSurgery straight away

Which symptoms are typical of diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

1. APain in the calves that starts when walking
2. BNumbness, tingling or burning in the feet
3. CA painful red, hot swollen big toe at night
4. DMorning stiffness of the small hand joints

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. APatients usually drink too much milk
2. BThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
3. CThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys
4. DThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate

A patient with migraine takes painkillers or triptans on most days and now has a headache almost every day. What is the likely problem?

1. AAn allergy to the painkillers
2. BA brain tumour, which is almost certain
3. CMedication overuse headache
4. DNormal progress of migraine

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
2. BDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
3. CUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
4. DIV thrombolysis within 4.5 hours

After pressing the plunger of an insulin pen, what should the patient do?

1. AInject a second dose straight away to be sure
2. BKeep the needle in the skin for about 10 seconds
3. CPull the needle out at once and rub the site firmly
4. DLeave the needle on the pen for the next injection

A patient had a witnessed tonic-clonic seizure. Afterwards their left arm is weak, and the weakness improves over the next few hours. What is the best interpretation?

1. APossible postictal (Todd's) paresis, but a stroke must still be excluded
2. BA sign that the patient is pretending to be weak
3. CCertainly a stroke, so the seizure can be ignored
4. DNormal postictal tiredness that needs no further assessment or imaging at all

A patient with acute glomerulonephritis has a BP of 190/115 mmHg, a severe headache and blurred vision. Which is the priority?

1. AGive extra oral fluids to correct the low urine output
2. BRecheck the BP at the next routine round
3. CEncourage a walk to relieve the headache
4. DUrgent escalation for BP control and close neuro checks