内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AAny single raised creatinine result
2. BA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
3. CAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
4. DKidney pain lasting more than a week

哪些特征是 Addison 病（原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退）的典型表现？

1. A体重增加、高血压和紫色妊娠纹样条纹
2. B疲乏、体重减轻、低血压和皮肤变黑
3. C血钠高、血钾低
4. D怕热、震颤和眼球突出

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. BBelow 60 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. CBelow 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. DBelow 120 mL/min/1.73 m²

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction
2. BThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation
3. CThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium
4. DThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery

What does a positive pronator drift test show?

1. ASubtle weakness in one arm
2. BA normal response in older adults
3. CWeakness of the eye muscles
4. DLoss of hearing on one side

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA diet very high in caffeine for energy
2. BA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
3. CA high-calorie diet with enough protein
4. DA strict low-protein diet

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内
2. B随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
3. C密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压
4. D治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

1. AGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
2. BStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
3. CTreat the confusion with a sedative
4. DEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture