内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which organism causes most urinary tract infections?

1. AStreptococcus pneumoniae
2. BCandida albicans
3. CStaphylococcus aureus
4. DEscherichia coli

Tapping the cheek in front of the ear makes the facial muscles twitch. What is this sign called?

1. ATrousseau's sign
2. BChvostek's sign
3. CBattle's sign
4. DKernig's sign

左甲状腺素通常应如何服用？

1. A空腹，在早餐前 30–60 分钟
2. B仅在感觉疲倦的日子服用
3. C与包括牛奶和咖啡的丰盛早餐一起
4. D睡前，与钙片或铁片一起

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. ALoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides
2. BParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
3. CWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
4. DWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. AProton pump inhibitors
2. BSSRI antidepressants
3. CBulk-forming laxatives
4. DPenicillin antibiotics

Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. AKeep the drainage bag above bladder level
2. BChange the catheter for a new one every day
3. CRemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
4. DDisconnect the bag regularly to empty it

一名急性肾小管坏死恢复中的患者进入多尿期，每天排尿超过 4 L。主要的护理关注点是什么？

1. A液体过多伴高钾
2. B胰岛素过量引起的低血糖
3. C尿液潴留在膨胀的膀胱内
4. D脱水伴低钾低钠

Why might a frail 88-year-old with type 2 diabetes have a less strict HbA1c target?

1. ATo save money on blood tests and drugs
2. BTo reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
3. CBecause older people cannot use any glucose medicines
4. DBecause diabetes cannot damage older people