内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

1. AWomen have more bacteria in their blood
2. BThe urethra is shorter and closer to the anus
3. CWomen's kidneys are smaller than men's
4. DWomen drink more fluids than men do each day

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall
2. BA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
3. CJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
4. DStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes

在 FAST 卒中检测法中，字母 A 代表什么？

1. AAirway（气道）：气道是否开放、通畅？
2. BAlertness（警觉）：此人是否完全清醒？
3. CArms（手臂）：双臂能否抬起并保持住？
4. DAllergies（过敏）：此人是否对什么过敏？

A conscious patient with a glucose of 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) can swallow safely. Which is the best first treatment?

1. AGlucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
2. BA chocolate bar and a cup of tea with milk
3. CA glass of milk and two plain biscuits
4. DA dose of rapid-acting insulin with a sandwich

Which group of problems is typical of primary hyperparathyroidism?

1. AKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and low mood
2. BMuscle cramps, tingling lips and seizures
3. CHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhoea
4. DHair loss, weight gain and feeling cold

A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?

1. ADysarthria from facial weakness
2. BGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
3. CReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
4. DExpressive (Broca's) aphasia

一名 DKA 患者正在好转：血糖 9 mmol/L，酮体 0.4 mmol/L，pH 7.36。患者能进食和饮水。应如何停用静脉胰岛素？

1. A停用所有胰岛素，因为酮症酸中毒已完全缓解
2. B仅在血糖升至 20 mmol/L 以上时才给皮下胰岛素
3. C现在停用静脉胰岛素，明天开始皮下胰岛素
4. D随餐给予皮下胰岛素，重叠一段时间后停止静脉输注

A patient with Addison's disease has been vomiting for a day. They are confused, with BP 78/40 mmHg, sodium 126 mmol/L and potassium 6.0 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. AOral hydrocortisone and an antiemetic by mouth
2. BIV hydrocortisone straight away, plus IV fluids
3. CA fluid restriction for the low sodium
4. DIV potassium to correct the electrolytes