内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is an early sign of kidney damage from diabetes?

1. AA very low blood urea level
2. BBlood in the urine that is visible
3. CPain felt in both kidneys at night
4. DSmall amounts of albumin in the urine

Which symptoms are typical early warning signs of hypoglycaemia?

1. AThirst, dry skin and passing a lot of urine
2. BShaking, sweating, hunger and a fast heartbeat
3. CSlow pulse, constipation and feeling cold
4. DDeep, rapid breathing with a fruity breath smell

Which is a common effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment?

1. ALow blood glucose
2. BWeight loss and a slim face
3. CThinning of the bones
4. DA lower risk of infections

After a change in the levothyroxine dose, when is the TSH usually rechecked?

1. AAfter about 6–8 weeks
2. BAfter 24 hours
3. CAfter 3 days
4. DAfter about 2 years of treatment

For which patient with migraine would the nurse question an order for sumatriptan?

1. AA patient with well-controlled hypothyroidism
2. BA patient who also has asthma
3. CA patient with an allergy to penicillin
4. DA patient with a history of angina

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. ARaising the head of the bed at night
2. BEating smaller, more frequent meals
3. CAvoiding large meals late in the evening
4. DMagnesium-containing antacids

A patient's glucose is 6.2 mmol/L (112 mg/dL) at 03:00 and 12 mmol/L (216 mg/dL) before breakfast. No hypoglycaemia occurred overnight. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA large snack eaten in the night by mistake
2. BThe meter is faulty and should be replaced
3. CThe dawn phenomenon from early-morning hormones
4. DThe Somogyi effect from a night-time hypo

A patient with multiple sclerosis has had worse leg weakness for one day, together with a fever and burning on passing urine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA true relapse that needs high-dose steroids
2. BA change to progressive MS
3. CA pseudo-relapse caused by infection
4. DA side effect of physiotherapy