内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

How does haemodialysis remove waste from the blood?

1. AWaste diffuses across a membrane into a cleaning fluid
2. BA filter in the stomach absorbs waste from food
3. CThe waste is removed through a tube in the bladder
4. DThe blood is spun so that waste sinks to the bottom

最常用于估计肾功能的血液检查是什么？

1. A血清肌酐（eGFR）
2. B血清淀粉酶
3. C血清白蛋白
4. DHbA1c（糖化血红蛋白）

Which three responses make up the Glasgow Coma Scale?

1. AReflexes, muscle tone and sensation
2. BPupil size, pulse and blood pressure
3. CEye opening, verbal response and motor response
4. DOrientation to time, place and person, plus memory

卒中静脉溶栓后的最初 24 小时内，哪些观察最重要？

1. A仅每日体重和液体平衡
2. B每小时的峰流速和血氧饱和度
3. C每小时的肠鸣音和腹围
4. D频繁的神经系统检查和血压

急性肾损伤（KDIGO）的哪项标准与尿量有关？

1. A尿液颜色发生任何变化
2. B低于 2 mL/kg/h，持续 1 小时
3. C24 小时内少于 1 L，无论摄入量如何
4. D低于 0.5 mL/kg/h，持续 6 小时或更长

A patient is due a rapid-acting insulin dose before lunch, but the meal trays are delayed. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait to give the insulin until the meal arrives
2. BOmit the dose entirely for the rest of the day
3. CGive the insulin now and the meal when it comes
4. DGive the insulin with a glass of water instead

A patient with SIADH is taught about a fluid restriction. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will count all drinks, including soup, in my daily total."
2. B"I will report any headaches or confusion."
3. C"I will weigh myself every morning."
4. D"If I feel thirsty, I can drink as much water as I like."

一名 DKA 患者正在好转：血糖 9 mmol/L，酮体 0.4 mmol/L，pH 7.36。患者能进食和饮水。应如何停用静脉胰岛素？

1. A现在停用静脉胰岛素，明天开始皮下胰岛素
2. B随餐给予皮下胰岛素，重叠一段时间后停止静脉输注
3. C停用所有胰岛素，因为酮症酸中毒已完全缓解
4. D仅在血糖升至 20 mmol/L 以上时才给皮下胰岛素