内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

How should a peritoneal dialysis catheter exit site be cared for?

1. AKept clean and dry and checked daily for redness
2. BSoaked in a hot bath every day
3. CCovered with a tight bandage and not looked at for a week
4. DCleaned with a strong bleach solution

Which symptoms are typical of cystitis (a bladder infection)?

1. ASwelling of the ankles and frothy urine
2. BHigh fever, shaking rigors and pain in the loin
3. CPainless red urine with clots
4. DBurning on passing urine, frequency and urgency

糖尿病酮症酸中毒时，通常首先给予哪种液体？

1. A静脉注射用灭菌水
2. B口服含糖饮料和水
3. C静脉 50% 葡萄糖溶液
4. D静脉 0.9% 氯化钠

头部受伤后，一名患者鼻子里滴出清亮液体。主要的担忧是什么？

1. A单纯感冒或花粉症发作
2. B对 CT 造影剂过敏
3. C哭泣后产生的正常黏液
4. D颅骨骨折引起的脑脊液漏

A patient has Cushing's syndrome. Which nursing assessment is especially important?

1. AWatching for weight loss
2. BMonitoring for a high potassium
3. CChecking for low blood pressure
4. DRegular blood glucose checks

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. ASSRI antidepressants
2. BBulk-forming laxatives
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DPenicillin antibiotics

Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AAssessing a confused patient whose glucose is 2.6 mmol/L (47 mg/dL)
2. BChecking pre-meal glucose and reporting results out of range
3. CDeciding the dose of correction insulin from the glucose result
4. DTeaching a new patient how to inject insulin

A patient with AKI has a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. What does this suggest?

1. AAcute tubular necrosis, with damaged and leaking tubules
2. BA pre-renal cause, with kidneys holding salt and water
3. CDiabetes insipidus, with too little ADH
4. DA post-renal blockage, with urine backed up