内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A142 mmol/L
2. B147 mmol/L
3. C138 mmol/L
4. D129 mmol/L

Which substance do the kidneys release that helps raise blood pressure?

1. ARenin
2. BThyroxine
3. CInsulin
4. DBile

Which heart rhythm greatly increases the risk of an embolic stroke?

1. ASinus arrhythmia
2. BFirst-degree heart block
3. CAtrial fibrillation
4. DSinus bradycardia

Which nursing action helps most to prevent and manage delirium in an older inpatient?

1. AMove the patient to a different room each day for variety
2. BRestrain the patient so that they do not wander off the ward
3. CKeep the lights on all night so the patient can see clearly
4. DUse glasses and hearing aids and reorient the patient often

卒中静脉溶栓后的最初 24 小时内，哪些观察最重要？

1. A每小时的峰流速和血氧饱和度
2. B频繁的神经系统检查和血压
3. C仅每日体重和液体平衡
4. D每小时的肠鸣音和腹围

Which complication is a particular risk in nephrotic syndrome?

1. ALow cholesterol
2. BVenous thrombosis
3. CBleeding from low platelets
4. DHypoglycaemia

A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?

1. AFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed
2. BLow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
3. CLow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
4. DFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38.2 °C (100.8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
2. BSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
3. CGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before
4. DEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever