内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

哪一组症状是甲状腺功能亢进的典型表现？

1. A声音嘶哑、面部浮肿和思维迟缓
2. B便秘、皮肤干燥、指甲易断、头发粗糙稀疏
3. C怕热、体重减轻、震颤和心悸
4. D怕冷、体重增加和脉搏缓慢

What is a goitre?

1. AAn enlarged thyroid gland
2. BAn overactive parathyroid gland
3. CA tumour of the adrenal gland
4. DA swollen lymph node in the armpit

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
2. BKidney pain lasting more than a week
3. CAny single raised creatinine result
4. DAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months

A patient has just started levetiracetam. Which side effect should the nurse teach them to report?

1. AChanges in mood, such as irritability, low mood or anger
2. BSwelling and overgrowth of the gums around the teeth
3. COrange discoloration of the urine
4. DA persistent dry cough at night

哪项尿液表现最能区分尿崩症和 SIADH？

1. A尿崩症尿中有葡萄糖；SIADH 尿中有蛋白
2. B尿崩症为浓缩尿；SIADH 为稀释尿
3. C两种疾病都排出高度浓缩的尿
4. D尿崩症为稀释尿；SIADH 为浓缩尿

Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?

1. AThere is no difference compared with other patients
2. BThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed
3. CThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
4. DThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive

一名肺癌合并 SIADH 的患者血钠 112 mmol/L，正在抽搐。最恰当的治疗是什么？

1. A以高速率静脉输注 5% 葡萄糖，直到抽搐停止
2. B在最初六小时内迅速纠正到 140 mmol/L
3. C大量口服水以帮助稀释尿液
4. D在监护下使用高渗盐水，限制上升速度

Graves 病患者术后体温 39.8 °C，心率 160 次/分，躁动并呕吐。哪一组治疗最恰当？

1. A用阿司匹林退热，一周内由全科医生复诊
2. B左甲状腺素和保暖毯，以缓解寒战
3. C限制液体和使用袢利尿剂治疗心动过速
4. D降温、β 受体阻滞剂、抗甲状腺药物，然后用碘和类固醇