内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

哪种呼吸模式是糖尿病酮症酸中毒的典型表现？

1. ACheyne–Stokes 呼吸
2. B深而快的（Kussmaul）呼吸
3. C缓慢、浅表的呼吸
4. D快速、浅表的喘息伴哮鸣

Why does a patient with a kidney transplant need lifelong medicines?

1. ATo keep the blood pressure low enough
2. BTo help the new kidney make more urine each day
3. CTo stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney
4. DTo prevent kidney stones in the new kidney

In dialysis care, what does "dry weight" mean?

1. AThe weight measured with an empty bladder
2. BThe weight after the patient has drunk nothing for a day
3. CThe weight without excess fluid in the body
4. DThe weight of the patient's clothes

一名 SIADH 患者血钠 126 mmol/L，症状轻微。通常的一线治疗是什么？

1. A静脉输注 5% 葡萄糖
2. B额外口服水
3. C限制液体
4. D去氨加压素

Before a haemodialysis catheter is used, why is the lock solution withdrawn from each lumen?

1. AIt contains air that keeps the line open
2. BIt contains concentrated anticoagulant
3. CIt contains the patient's urine
4. DIt contains a strong antibiotic that must be kept

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. ABeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
2. BAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
3. CA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
4. DThe order of the two drugs makes no difference

A nurse teaches the family of a patient on insulin how to manage a severe hypo. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will put her on her side and call an ambulance straight away."
2. B"I will give the glucagon as I was shown."
3. C"When she can swallow, I will give her a snack."
4. D"If she is unconscious, I will pour juice into her mouth."

A patient with a known ureteric stone develops a fever of 39 °C (102.2 °F) and rigors. Scanning shows a blocked, swollen kidney. What is needed?

1. AStrong pain relief alone, then discharge
2. BOral antibiotics and waiting for the stone to pass
3. CUrgent drainage of the kidney plus IV antibiotics
4. DA fluid restriction to reduce the swelling