内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

1. ABending of the hips and knees when the neck is flexed
2. BPain and resistance when the knee is straightened with the hip flexed
3. CBruising behind the ear after a head injury
4. DTwitching of the facial muscles when the cheek is tapped in front of the ear

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. AA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
2. BChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit
3. CRegular eye screening with retinal photographs
4. DWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision

Which classic triad is described in renal cell carcinoma, although few patients have all three?

1. AFever, headache and a stiff neck
2. BHaematuria, flank pain and a palpable mass
3. CPolyuria, thirst and weight loss with tiredness
4. DDysuria, frequency and urgency

A kidney transplant recipient asks about travel vaccines. Which statement is correct?

1. AAll vaccines are completely safe after a transplant
2. BVaccines will cause the kidney to be rejected
3. COnly live vaccines are effective after a transplant
4. DLive vaccines are usually avoided

Why is nimodipine given to patients after a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

1. ATo dissolve the blood clot around the aneurysm
2. BTo stop seizures in the first few days
3. CTo raise the blood pressure and improve perfusion
4. DTo reduce brain injury from delayed vasospasm

Why may a person with long-standing diabetes have a heart attack without typical chest pain?

1. AHigh glucose protects the heart from pain
2. BNerve damage can blunt the pain signals
3. CPeople with diabetes do not have heart attacks
4. DInsulin acts as a strong painkiller

A patient taking digoxin has a potassium of 2.9 mmol/L. Why is this especially dangerous?

1. ADigoxin stops working when potassium is low
2. BDigoxin raises the potassium to dangerous levels
3. CLow potassium makes digoxin leave the body faster
4. DLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity

A man who takes tamsulosin for BPH is listed for cataract surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AThe eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery
2. BIt should be swapped for oxybutynin the night before to protect the eye
3. CTamsulosin has no effects outside the urinary tract, so nothing changes
4. DThe dose should be doubled before surgery to prevent urinary retention