内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. BBelow 15 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. CBelow 120 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. DBelow 60 mL/min/1.73 m²

What is a goitre?

1. AA tumour of the adrenal gland
2. BAn enlarged thyroid gland
3. CAn overactive parathyroid gland
4. DA swollen lymph node in the armpit

What is a common complication after a lumbar puncture?

1. AA rapid rise in blood glucose
2. BA headache that is worse when sitting or standing
3. CPermanent paralysis of both legs from nerve damage
4. DLoss of hearing in one ear

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. APropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
2. BCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood
3. CCarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
4. DPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug

A patient with type 1 diabetes has gastroenteritis and cannot eat. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AKeep taking basal insulin and check glucose and ketones more often
2. BStop all insulin until normal eating restarts
3. CCheck glucose once a day only and rest in bed until better
4. DAvoid drinking fluids to reduce the vomiting

哪种电解质模式是 Addison 病的典型表现？

1. A低钠高钾
2. B高钠低钾
3. C低钾低糖
4. D高钙低磷

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AAdvise more fluids and review in a year
2. BReassure him, because the blood has stopped
3. CAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI
4. DUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging

A patient on insulin has worsening chronic kidney disease and is having more hypos. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is eating far more carbohydrate than before
2. BThe kidneys clear less insulin, so it lasts longer
3. CKidney disease makes the meter read too low
4. DKidney disease makes the body resistant to insulin