内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AThyroid cancer
2. BA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
3. CToo much iodine in salt
4. DAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)

对糖尿病患者，下列哪项日常足部护理建议是正确的？

1. A每年到诊所检查一次双脚
2. B每天检查双脚，绝不赤脚行走
3. C每天用热水泡脚一小时
4. D在家用剃刀片去除鸡眼

Why does a patient with a kidney transplant need lifelong medicines?

1. ATo keep the blood pressure low enough
2. BTo stop the immune system rejecting the new kidney
3. CTo prevent kidney stones in the new kidney
4. DTo help the new kidney make more urine each day

一名患者卒中后出现同向性偏盲。护士起初应如何帮助？

1. A把呼叫铃和饮品放在看不见的一侧以训练该侧
2. B从看得见的一侧接近，并教其转头扫视
3. C用眼罩遮盖患侧的眼睛
4. D保持房间昏暗以减少视觉刺激

Which picture fits anterior cord syndrome?

1. AWeakness on one side and loss of pain sensation on the other side
2. BLoss of movement and pain sense, with position sense kept
3. CArms much weaker than legs after a neck injury
4. DNormal movement but complete loss of position sense

一名高血压难以控制、血钾持续偏低的患者，未使用利尿剂。应考虑哪种疾病？

1. A原发性醛固酮增多症（Conn 综合征）
2. B原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退（Addison 病）
3. C原发性甲状腺功能减退
4. D中枢性尿崩症

一名 CKD 患者血红蛋白 92 g/L，开始使用促红细胞生成刺激剂（ESA）。护士应监测什么？

1. A血糖，因为 ESA 常引起低血糖
2. B肝酶，因为 ESA 对肝脏有毒性
3. C血压和血红蛋白，因为超过目标会增加血栓风险
4. D听力，因为 ESA 可损伤内耳

A patient on haemodialysis is on a medical ward. Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AAssessing the thrill and bruit of the fistula
2. BTeaching the patient about fluid restriction
3. CDeciding which morning medicines to hold
4. DWeighing the patient before they go to dialysis