内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. AThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
2. BPatients usually drink too much milk
3. CThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
4. DThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AA kidney stone passed the week before
2. BA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia
3. CAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning
4. DA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier

Which is a common effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment?

1. AA lower risk of infections
2. BWeight loss and a slim face
3. CThinning of the bones
4. DLow blood glucose

How does bladder training help urge incontinence?

1. AThe time between voids is slowly increased
2. BA catheter is used every night
3. CThe patient drinks as little as possible
4. DThe patient goes to the toilet every 15 minutes

脑灌注压（CPP）如何计算？

1. A平均动脉压除以心率
2. B平均动脉压减去颅内压
3. C收缩压加颅内压
4. D舒张压减去中心静脉压

A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ACheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
2. BTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
3. CAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over
4. DSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat

On the first day after a kidney transplant, urine output suddenly falls from 200 mL/h to 10 mL/h. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient has eaten
2. BThe patient's blood glucose level
3. CThe patient's temperature and pulse
4. DThat the catheter is not blocked or kinked

A patient had a witnessed tonic-clonic seizure. Afterwards their left arm is weak, and the weakness improves over the next few hours. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA sign that the patient is pretending to be weak
2. BCertainly a stroke, so the seizure can be ignored
3. CNormal postictal tiredness that needs no further assessment or imaging at all
4. DPossible postictal (Todd's) paresis, but a stroke must still be excluded