内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which symptoms are typical of a prolactinoma in a woman?

1. AVery dark skin creases and a craving for salt
2. BKidney stones, bone pain and constipation
3. CWeight loss with heat intolerance and a fine tremor
4. DMilky nipple discharge and irregular periods

哪项表现是尿崩症的典型表现？

1. A液体潴留伴血清钠偏低
2. B少量高度浓缩的尿
3. C血糖高，尿中有大量葡萄糖
4. D大量稀释尿和极度口渴

颅内压升高的患者通常采用哪种头部体位？

1. A头部抬高约 30°，颈部保持伸直
2. B平躺，头明显转向一侧
3. C头低于身体（Trendelenburg 体位）
4. D坐直，颈部前屈

A patient with Alzheimer's disease starts donepezil. Which side effects should the nurse look for?

1. AA persistent dry cough and a raised potassium
2. BDry mouth, constipation and a fast heart rate
3. CWeight gain, high glucose and swollen ankles
4. DNausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate

Which complication is a particular risk in nephrotic syndrome?

1. ABleeding from low platelets
2. BHypoglycaemia
3. CLow cholesterol
4. DVenous thrombosis

A patient taking a GLP-1 receptor agonist has severe, constant upper abdominal pain spreading to the back, with vomiting. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ALow blood glucose
2. BNormal nausea from the drug
3. CAcute pancreatitis
4. DA simple urinary tract infection

On the first day after a kidney transplant, urine output suddenly falls from 200 mL/h to 10 mL/h. What should the nurse check first?

1. AThe patient's temperature and pulse
2. BThe patient's blood glucose level
3. CWhether the patient has eaten
4. DThat the catheter is not blocked or kinked

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内
2. B随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
3. C密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压
4. D治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表