内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
2. BA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs
3. CAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
4. DMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation

护士如何检查血液透析用的动静脉内瘘是否正常工作？

1. A检查另一侧手臂的桡动脉脉搏
2. B触摸震颤并听诊血管杂音
3. C观察内瘘部位有无发红
4. D测量内瘘侧手臂的血压

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight
2. BA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
3. CEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
4. DAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells

Which nursing care is most important for a patient with diabetes insipidus?

1. AWeighing the patient once a month
2. BA strict fluid restriction to reduce the amount of urine passed
3. CGiving a loop diuretic to clear extra fluid
4. DStrict fluid balance, daily weight and free access to water

A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over
2. BSkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat
3. CTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
4. DCheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate

在 DKA 治疗期间，血糖降到约 14 mmol/L（约 250 mg/dL）以下，但酮体仍然升高。通常会怎么处理？

1. A患者进餐，静脉治疗停止
2. B在液体中加入葡萄糖；继续使用胰岛素
3. C停止所有静脉输液以避免液体过多
4. D立即停止胰岛素输注

Six weeks after a kidney transplant, a patient has a fever, tenderness over the graft, less urine and a rising creatinine. What is most likely?

1. AAcute rejection, needing urgent transplant team review
2. BA side effect of sun exposure
3. CA normal finding as the kidney settles in
4. DDehydration that needs only more oral fluids and rest

一名 T4 水平脊髓损伤的患者出现剧烈搏动性头痛，血压 210/110 mmHg，损伤平面以上皮肤潮红、多汗，脉搏 50 次/分。让患者坐起后，下一个优先事项是什么？

1. A让患者重新平躺，用枕头抬高双腿
2. B给予镇静剂，一小时后复测血压
3. C快速静脉推注液体以支持循环
4. D查找并去除诱因，首先从膀胱开始