内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

What is spinal shock?

1. AA severe allergic reaction to spinal anaesthetic
2. BA permanent loss of feeling in both hands only, from nerve damage
3. CA temporary loss of reflexes and tone below a spinal cord injury
4. DA very low blood pressure caused by blood loss after trauma

Which eGFR defines stage 5 chronic kidney disease (kidney failure)?

1. ABelow 60 mL/min/1.73 m²
2. BBelow 90 mL/min/1.73 m²
3. CBelow 120 mL/min/1.73 m²
4. DBelow 15 mL/min/1.73 m²

为什么许多慢性肾脏病患者会发生贫血？

1. A肾脏产生的促红细胞生成素减少
2. B每天都有血液随尿丢失
3. C透析会从血液中清除铁
4. D肾脏破坏红细胞

哪项护理措施有助于预防颅内压升高？

1. A把所有护理和吸痰集中在一次长时间操作中
2. B让患者平躺，髋部屈曲成锐角
3. C鼓励每小时用力咳嗽
4. D预防便秘，并分散安排护理操作

甲状腺切除术后，为什么常在床边备有拆线或拆夹器？

1. A用于从颈静脉抽血
2. B颈部血肿可压迫气道，可能需要松解
3. C用于在引流管不通时调整引流管
4. D必须在术后第一天晚上拆线

When a patient sticks out their tongue, it points to the right. Which nerve is affected?

1. AThe left hypoglossal nerve (XII)
2. BThe right hypoglossal nerve (XII)
3. CThe right facial nerve (VII)
4. DThe left trigeminal nerve (V)

一名老年男性 10 小时未排尿，下腹疼痛，膀胱扫描为 1100 mL。肌酐已升高。最可能的原因和处理是什么？

1. A尿崩症；给予去氨加压素并限制液体
2. B造影剂肾病；今天安排紧急血液透析
3. C尿潴留；遵医嘱导尿，并观察是否出现大量利尿
4. D脱水；给予补液，明天复查肌酐

A patient taking amiodarone has gained weight and feels tired and cold. Which blood test is most relevant?

1. ABlood alcohol level
2. BSerum amylase and lipase levels
3. CSerum ferritin
4. DThyroid function tests