内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which is a common cause of a low potassium level?

1. ATaking a loop diuretic such as furosemide
2. BAdvanced chronic kidney disease
3. CAddison's disease
4. DTaking an ACE inhibitor such as ramipril

What causes myasthenia gravis?

1. ALoss of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain
2. BCompression of a nerve root in the lower back
3. CAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors on muscle
4. DDamage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord

Which picture is typical of Guillain–Barré syndrome?

1. AA sudden one-sided facial droop with slurred speech
2. BRising weakness from the legs, weeks after an infection
3. CA resting tremor that slowly spreads to the other hand
4. DMuscle weakness that worsens late in the day and improves with rest

How do DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin work?

1. AThey prolong the action of gut incretin hormones
2. BThey replace insulin that the pancreas cannot make
3. CThey stop the gut from absorbing fat
4. DThey block glucose reabsorption in the kidney

A routine blood test shows a potassium of 6.4 mmol/L. The lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. The patient feels well. What should the nurse do?

1. AInform the doctor and arrange an urgent repeat sample
2. BGive oral potassium supplements straight away
3. CIgnore it, because haemolysis always gives a normal result
4. DStart dialysis as soon as possible

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this suggest?

1. AThe kidneys are losing too much protein
2. BThe urine has a lot of glucose in it
3. CThe patient is dehydrated and needs more fluid
4. DBacteria that convert nitrate are present

After a TURP, a patient on bladder irrigation has bladder spasms. The drainage has slowed and contains clots, and the bag holds less than the irrigant given. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASuspect a clot in the catheter and follow the protocol
2. BTurn off the irrigation and leave the catheter alone
3. CEncourage the patient to strain to pass the clots
4. DGive an antispasmodic and recheck in four hours

A patient with multiple sclerosis has had worse leg weakness for one day, together with a fever and burning on passing urine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA change to progressive MS
2. BA true relapse that needs high-dose steroids
3. CA pseudo-relapse caused by infection
4. DA side effect of physiotherapy