内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by drinking too little water
2. BIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
3. CIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys
4. DIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys

Which description fits a cluster headache?

1. AA throbbing headache on both sides after drinking coffee
2. BA mild band-like ache across both sides of the head
3. CA slowly worsening headache over months with vomiting in the morning
4. DSevere one-sided pain around the eye with a watery eye

Which group of features defines nephrotic syndrome?

1. ASevere loin pain that spreads to the groin
2. BHeavy proteinuria, low albumin and oedema
3. CBlood in the urine, high BP and low urine output
4. DPainful urination, fever and frequency

An older patient with a long-term catheter has bacteria in the urine but no symptoms. What is usually appropriate?

1. AAntibiotics for life to keep the urine sterile
2. BA full course of antibiotics straight away
3. CNo antibiotics, as long as there are no symptoms
4. DRemove the catheter permanently at once

为什么脊髓损伤后常教患者间歇性自我导尿？

1. A膀胱可能无法排空，定期排空可保护肾脏
2. B它训练膀胱随时间逐渐变大
3. C它完全消除尿路感染的风险
4. D主要用于准确测量尿量

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo catch the stone so it can be analysed
2. BTo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
3. CTo remove blood clots before testing
4. DTo measure the urine volume more accurately

一名服用丙戊酸盐的癫痫女性说她正计划怀孕。哪种回应最恰当？

1. A建议将剂量加倍，以保护婴儿免受癫痫发作
2. B建议不要突然停药，并尽快进行专科评估
3. C安慰她丙戊酸盐在整个孕期都是安全的
4. D告诉她从今天起完全停用丙戊酸盐

After a TURP, a patient on bladder irrigation has bladder spasms. The drainage has slowed and contains clots, and the bag holds less than the irrigant given. What should the nurse do first?

1. AEncourage the patient to strain to pass the clots
2. BSuspect a clot in the catheter and follow the protocol
3. CGive an antispasmodic and recheck in four hours
4. DTurn off the irrigation and leave the catheter alone