内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which isolation precautions are used for a patient with suspected meningococcal meningitis?

1. ANo extra precautions, because it is not infectious
2. BContact precautions only, with gloves for skin contact
3. CAirborne precautions in a negative pressure room for 2 weeks
4. DDroplet precautions until about 24 hours of effective antibiotics

Which type of insulin is given intravenously, for example in an insulin infusion?

1. ASoluble (regular) short-acting insulin
2. BLong-acting insulin glargine
3. CIntermediate-acting NPH (isophane) insulin
4. DPremixed biphasic insulin

How is diabetic retinopathy usually picked up early?

1. AA yearly blood test for HbA1c only
2. BWaiting until the patient notices blurred vision
3. CRegular eye screening with retinal photographs
4. DChecking the pupils with a torch at every visit

A patient has Cushing's syndrome. Which nursing assessment is especially important?

1. ARegular blood glucose checks
2. BMonitoring for a high potassium
3. CChecking for low blood pressure
4. DWatching for weight loss

卒中静脉溶栓后的最初 24 小时内，哪些观察最重要？

1. A每小时的峰流速和血氧饱和度
2. B频繁的神经系统检查和血压
3. C仅每日体重和液体平衡
4. D每小时的肠鸣音和腹围

一名高血压难以控制、血钾持续偏低的患者，未使用利尿剂。应考虑哪种疾病？

1. A中枢性尿崩症
2. B原发性甲状腺功能减退
3. C原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退（Addison 病）
4. D原发性醛固酮增多症（Conn 综合征）

一名服用锂盐的患者多尿、口渴，使用去氨加压素后尿液仍不能浓缩。最可能的原因是什么？

1. A头部受伤后的中枢性尿崩症
2. B新发的 1 型糖尿病
3. C锂引起的肾性尿崩症
4. D锂引起的 SIADH

A patient with CKD has a potassium of 6.5 mmol/L. Which medicine combination is the most likely contributor?

1. AParacetamol (acetaminophen), omeprazole and senna
2. BFurosemide, salbutamol and insulin
3. CAmlodipine, simvastatin and aspirin
4. DRamipril, spironolactone and trimethoprim