内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?

1. ADifficulty finding the right words
2. BA sudden onset with attention that comes and goes
3. CMemory problems in a person over the age of 75
4. DGetting lost in places that were familiar

门冬胰岛素或赖脯胰岛素等速效胰岛素通常应在何时注射？

1. A睡前，不进食
2. B每天一次，无论进餐情况
3. C餐后约两小时
4. D餐前不久或进餐时

Which is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke?

1. AHigh blood pressure
2. BOlder age
3. CMale sex
4. DFamily history of stroke

Which picture fits anterior cord syndrome?

1. AWeakness on one side and loss of pain sensation on the other side
2. BNormal movement but complete loss of position sense
3. CArms much weaker than legs after a neck injury
4. DLoss of movement and pain sense, with position sense kept

Why are insulin and glucose given together to treat hyperkalaemia?

1. AGlucose binds the potassium in the blood and removes it
2. BInsulin protects the heart muscle cells from the potassium
3. CInsulin moves potassium into cells; glucose prevents a hypo
4. DInsulin makes the kidneys pass more potassium in the urine

服用葡萄糖片十五分钟后，一名患者的血糖从 3.2 升至 5.1 mmol/L。下一餐在两小时后。接下来应怎么做？

1. A给予作用更持久的碳水化合物点心，如三明治
2. B在稍后供应下一餐前不需要进一步处理
3. C立即给予常规剂量的速效胰岛素
4. D再给一次葡萄糖片，使血糖升得更高

The nurse has four urology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with stress incontinence asking about pelvic floor exercises
2. BA patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
3. CA patient after TURP with light pink drainage and mild discomfort
4. DA patient with a suprapubic catheter due for a routine change

一名老年男性 10 小时未排尿，下腹疼痛，膀胱扫描为 1100 mL。肌酐已升高。最可能的原因和处理是什么？

1. A造影剂肾病；今天安排紧急血液透析
2. B脱水；给予补液，明天复查肌酐
3. C尿潴留；遵医嘱导尿，并观察是否出现大量利尿
4. D尿崩症；给予去氨加压素并限制液体