内外科护理：神经、内分泌与肾脏练习卷（附答案）

How do sulfonylureas such as gliclazide lower blood glucose?

1. AThey slow down the absorption of food
2. BThey make the kidneys pass more glucose
3. CThey make the pancreas release more insulin
4. DThey replace insulin that the body lacks

What is an early sign of kidney damage from diabetes?

1. AA very low blood urea level
2. BSmall amounts of albumin in the urine
3. CPain felt in both kidneys at night
4. DBlood in the urine that is visible

What does dysarthria mean?

1. ADifficulty swallowing food and drink safely
2. BUnclear speech caused by weak or poorly coordinated speech muscles
3. CInability to read or write after a brain injury
4. DLoss of the ability to understand spoken or written language

哪种电解质模式是 Addison 病的典型表现？

1. A低钾低糖
2. B低钠高钾
3. C高钠低钾
4. D高钙低磷

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AThe order of the two drugs makes no difference
2. BA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
3. CBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
4. DAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery

Which picture fits Brown-Séquard syndrome?

1. AWeakness of both arms with normal strength in the legs
2. BWeakness on the same side and loss of pain on the opposite side
3. CParalysis of both legs, with normal sensation everywhere in the body
4. DLoss of all feeling but normal movement on both sides

对使用甘露醇治疗颅内压升高的患者，哪项护理很重要？

1. A治疗期间停止记录液体平衡表
2. B随餐口服给药以减轻恶心
3. C夹闭导尿管以将液体保留在体内
4. D密切监测尿量、血钠和渗透压

An 84-year-old man became more confused a week after starting oxybutynin. Infection has been ruled out. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAnticholinergic side effects of the drug
2. BA sign that the drug dose is too low
3. CNormal ageing that needs no review
4. DA symptom of a high potassium from the drug